Ancient DNA hints at why multiple sclerosis affects so many people of northern European ancestry

Genetic Legacy of the Yamnaya: The movement of the Yamnaya people, horseback-riding cattle herders, into northwestern Europe around 5,000 years ago introduced gene variants that are now associated with an increased risk of MS in northern Europeans.

Ancient DNA Analysis: The study involved a comprehensive comparison of modern DNA with that extracted from ancient human remains, allowing scientists to trace both prehistoric migration patterns and disease-linked genes.

Geographical Spread of MS-Linked Genes: The research highlighted how the MS-linked genetic variations persisted more in northern Europe, where the Yamnaya migrated, rather than in southern Europe.

Immunity and Autoimmune Disease Link: The gene variants that likely provided ancient immunity benefits against infections from livestock may now play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases like MS.

North-South MS Divide in Europe: The findings offer an explanation for the higher rates of MS in Scandinavian countries and the broader north-south divide in MS prevalence across Europe.