Brazilian single-dose dengue vaccine could help turn tide in the fight against fever

Dengue fever, transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, is characterized by high fever and body aches. Severe cases, termed dengue with warning signs and severe dengue, are concerning due to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite only a small fraction experiencing severe symptoms, the increasing number of cases burdens health services, with Brazil seeing a notable rise in cases in 2024.

Severe dengue is more common in young children and the elderly, especially during subsequent infections. Antibody-dependent enhancement, where antibodies from previous infections facilitate subsequent viral entry, heightens the risk. Vaccination, ideally covering all four dengue virus types, is crucial in combatting outbreaks.

The Butantan Institute's single-dose dengue vaccine shows promise, offering protection across various age groups and regardless of prior infection. Initial phase 3 results demonstrate significant efficacy, paving the way for potential registration with Brazil's health authorities by late 2024. Amidst increasing dengue cases globally, this vaccine could be a vital tool in preventing outbreaks and saving lives.