How a bunch of seemingly disorganized cells go on to form a robust embryo

A team of international researchers, including scientists from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), has created a comprehensive atlas of early mammalian embryo development. Their study focuses on how chaotic cell divisions and movements during the initial stages of morphogenesis—when organisms develop their shape—ultimately lead to a highly organized and reproducible structure. This research highlights the balance between chaos and order in the formation of embryos, providing a fresh perspective on how mammals develop despite early randomness.

The researchers used advanced imaging techniques to analyze the development of mouse, rabbit, and monkey embryos, discovering that cell divisions in early stages are unregulated. However, by the 8-cell stage, embryos of different species converge toward similar structures. This phenomenon sparked the development of a physical model explaining how physical interactions between cells drive embryos to form defined shapes, like solving a Rubik's cube.

This research has significant implications for understanding developmental robustness and variability. By studying the randomness that contributes to normal morphogenesis, scientists can better comprehend abnormalities in development. These insights hold promise for improving fertility treatments, such as IVF, by aiding in the selection of the healthiest embryos, as well as advancing research in regenerative medicine and disease.