Discovery of how liver flushes cholesterol from body could lead to better cardiovascular disease treatments

A new study by University of Leeds researchers reveals how blood flow through the liver's portal vein affects bile production, which in turn influences cholesterol removal from the body. Bile production rises when portal vein blood flow decreases, a condition often triggered by physical activities or fasting, allowing the liver to expel cholesterol. Conversely, after meals, blood flow increases, reducing bile production and potentially leaving cholesterol in the bloodstream.

This research highlights the role of a pressure-sensitive protein, PIEZO1, in detecting blood flow rate through the portal vein. When activated, PIEZO1 initiates a chemical chain reaction that converts blood cholesterol into bile acids, which are then flushed from the body. This mechanism not only maintains cholesterol balance but also has implications for managing conditions such as fatty liver disease, which can escalate to more severe liver issues if left untreated.

Understanding this bile regulation process opens potential avenues for developing treatments targeting cardiovascular and liver diseases. The findings suggest new intervention strategies for high-risk patients who may struggle with current therapies, such as statins, or have limited mobility. This insight may also assist medical professionals in better managing liver-related conditions like gallstones and liver cirrhosis.